UNION
UNION 指令的目的是將兩個 SQL 語句的結果合併起來。UNION 跟 JOIN有些許類似,因為這兩個指令都可以由多個表格中擷取資料。UNION 的一個限制是兩個 SQL 語句所產生的欄位需要是同樣的資料種類。另外,當我們用 UNION 這個指令時,我們只會看到不同的資料值 (類似 SELECT DISTINCT)。如果想要將重複的資料也都顯示出來,則要使用 UNION ALL。
範例
資料:
Customers:
| CustomerID | CustomerName | ContactName | Address | City | PostalCode | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alfreds Futterkiste | Maria Anders | Obere Str. 57 | Berlin | 12209 | Germany |
| 2 | Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados | Ana Trujillo | Avda. de la Constitución 2222 | México D.F. | 05021 | Mexico |
| 3 | Antonio Moreno Taquería | Antonio Moreno | Mataderos 2312 | México D.F. | 05023 | Mexico |
Suppliers:
| SupplierID | SupplierName | ContactName | Address | City | PostalCode | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exotic Liquid | Charlotte Cooper | 49 Gilbert St. | London | EC1 4SD | UK |
| 2 | New Orleans Cajun Delights | Shelley Burke | P.O. Box 78934 | New Orleans | 70117 | USA |
| 3 | Grandma Kelly's Homestead | Regina Murphy | 707 Oxford Rd. | Ann Arbor | 48104 | USA |
操作:
SELECT City, Country FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany'
UNION
SELECT City, Country FROM Suppliers
WHERE Country='Germany'
ORDER BY City;
結果:
| City | Country |
|---|---|
| Aachen | Germany |
| Berlin | Germany |
| Brandenburg | Germany |
| Cunewalde | Germany |
| Cuxhaven | Germany |
| Frankfurt | Germany |
| Frankfurt a.M. | Germany |
| Köln | Germany |
| Leipzig | Germany |
| Mannheim | Germany |
| München | Germany |
| Münster | Germany |
| Stuttgart | Germany |